Cosmetic appearance of penis in children before or after circumcision

Before the circumcision in infants and children, every child anatomy is different, and their shape or size of penis and foreskin are also different. Penis is sometimes  rotated, bended  or buried in pubic areas. When  parents arrange a circumcision,  they may have in mind that the child will look like the father or head of the penis may not be completely exposed as religious or cultural requirements, but this is definitely not the case in some children. Children develops differently as well. Degree of buried penis can change as child grows older.

Hypospadias describes an anatomical variant where the wee hole (external mental opening) did not complete its development and did not close fully to the tip of the penis leaving an opening along the underside of the penis. Opening could be present away from tip of the penis to scrotum or perineum. This also requires hypospadias repair under general anaesthesia and the foreskin may be helpful for this purpose, so circumcision must not be done until the hypospadias repair is done. In most of the cases, you can recognise as foreskin is hooded. In some cases, hypospadias may be present on intact foreskin and described as megameastus or glandular hypospadias.  This can only recognised after retracting the foreskin and circumcision should be postponed until hypospadias repair is done. 

Some babies, infants and children have long and skinny penis and others short and fat penis. Some have showed bending to the left or to the right before or after circumcision. Some children penis is buried into the abdominal fat. Some are more bent than others, even more to 90 degrees. This markedly bent penis is described as a penile chordee and requires paediatric urology to straighten, and the foreskin is useful for this procedure in these cases, so should not have circumcision until the corrective operation of penile chordee is done under general anaesthesia in the hospital.

Buried penis is very common now a days. In most of the cases, it is mild form which may not require any further corrective surgery and it is possible to do circumcision. Many boys have loose attachment of the skin to the shaft of the penis. In these children, there may be a high insertion of the scrotal skin along the underside of the shaft of the penis, or there may be a pad of “puppy fat” in front of the pubic bone pushing the skin forward and away from the penis which is anchored at its internal base to the pubic bone. The penis appears to disappear behind the skin, and this is sometimes referred to as the “Disappearing Penis Syndrome”. It is also referred to as a “buried penis”,  "hidden penis" or "inconspicuous penis"

It is primarily an issue of loose attachment of the skin and it is usual for the penis to “reappear” by the time the child is about 1-6 years of age, with the reduction in this pubic fat and the growth of the child. However, some few older children or adults retain this appearance at rest; yet, it looks and performs perfectly adequately in sexual situations.

This anatomical variant, however, causes the parents concern after a circumcision, because as the skin moves forward over the head of the penis, it appears that not enough skin has been removed. This is not the case. The paediatric urologist ( Mr A R Khan) has to estimate the length of skin to leave in order that when the child is grown, there will be enough skin to cover the erect penis and not leave too much area that will be covered by scar tissue. It is only in the infant years, then, that the child may appear to have been inadequately circumcised.

It is very important in such boys, that the parents retract the cut foreskin regularly to prevent the cut edge healing and attaching to the head of the penis after 3 days of separation of the ring circumcision and creating a cosmetic result that is not desired. Therefore, if you notice that the skin of the penis is falling forward covering the head of the penis at any time after the operation, even up to a few years later, ( such that it looks like not enough skin was removed), then please have the child reviewed at our clinic by Dr. Khan. He will explain to you how to manage the skin so as not to form permanent attachments to the head of the penis, and he may have to separate the skin from head (glans) of penis for you at times or referral to the GP for further managamnet at tertiary centre in UK..


 The content on the our website is not intended nor recommended as a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice from Dr. Khan regarding any medical questions or conditions developed after circumcision.

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Optimal time for neonatal circumcision

Parents are usually asked, "What is the best age for newborn circumcision?"

What is the best age for newborn male circumcision?

Newburn male circumcision has been a topic of discussion for many years. The goal of modern medicine is to achieve the best possible balance between the benefits and risks of neonatal circumcision. Like many medical procedures, this practice carries certain risks or complications; however, the benefits often far outweigh these risks.

What about the newborn circumcision raiks?

First, it is essential to acknowledge that any medical procedure carries a degree of risk. This is a universal truth in medicine, where the most effective treatments often have potential complications. Nevertheless, the overwhelming consensus from various studies is that the risks associated with newborn male circumcision are minimal at modern CQC-registered clinics conducted by trained medical professionals.

One significant point that opponents of neonatal male circumcision (NMC) often raise is the risk of procedural complications. While it is true that minor complications like bleeding, infection, narrowing of the urethra, scarring, inadequate or too much skin removal, and buried penis may occur, serious complications are extremely rare. For instance, serious penile injuries and threats to life are exceptionally uncommon in NMC. According to research by the USA Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the rate of penile amputation among uncircumcised newborns was 4 per million, whereas it was zero among circumcised newborns. Medical research demonstrates that the risk of severe complications is exceedingly low for those undergoing NMC.

Moreover, the American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) has noted that the frequency of minor adverse events associated with NMC is only 1 in 200 (0.5%), with most of these complications being easily treatable and fully resolvable. Serious complications requiring hospital admission affect just 2 in 10000 (0.02%) of cases. These statistics highlight the rarity of severe complications in NMC procedures.

A 2014 study by the CDC further supports the notion that NMC has a low incidence of adverse events. The study examined 41 possible adverse events in a large administrative claims dataset for 1.4 million NMC procedures performed in the United States. The frequency of adverse events was 4 in 1000 cases (0.4%), consistent with earlier studies from 1989. The research reinforces the idea that NMC is a low-risk procedure.

Why timing is important for neonatal male circumcision?

Additionally, the timing of the circumcision is crucial. The risk of serious complications is significantly higher when the procedure is performed on older children or adults. The frequency of complications is 20 times higher for children aged 1 to 10 and 10 times higher for patients over 10 years. This study underscores the importance of performing circumcision in the neonatal period when the risk of complications is lowest.

What are the benefits of newborn male circumcision?

Another compelling piece of evidence comes from a 2014 analysis in the Mayo Clinic Proceedings. The CDC cited this analysis, which concluded that the benefits of NMC far exceed the risks, with a benefit-to-risk ratio of 100:1. This means that for every potential risk, there are 100 benefits, highlighting the substantial advantage of undergoing NMC.

Helping parents to make the choice

In summary, while neonatal male circumcision does carry some risks, they are minimal and manageable compared to the potential benefits. The procedure has been shown to have a low incidence of severe complications, primarily when performed in the neonatal period in clinic settings and by trained medical professionals.

The overwhelming evidence supports that the benefits of newborn male circumcision far outweigh the risks, making it a recommended practice in modern medicine today. As with any medical procedure, parents need to consult with a specialist surgeon to make an informed decision that is best for their child’s health and well-being for medical, religious, or cultural reasons.

In conclusion, the optimal time for newborn circumcision is within 1 to 8 weeks of age. Please get in touch with us for further details.

Baby circumcision remains a widely practiced procedure. Therefore it is important for pediatric surgeons/urologists to perform circumcision safely with minimal trauma to the neonate. This study shows that painless circumcision is possible in almost all newborns if it is performed during the first week after birth.
— J Pediatr Urol. 2009 Oct;5(5):359-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2009.01.002. Epub 2009 Feb 14.

This study shows that the best age for painless circumcision in newborns is during the first week after birth.

Reference: Cureus. 2024 Feb 23;16(2):e54772. doi: 10.7759/cureus.54772

Neonatal Male Circumcision: Clearly Beneficial for Public Health or an Ethical Dilemma? A Systematic Review

Pain relief after newborn and baby boys circumcision

Lignocaine Gel- instillagel 2%

In addition to giving your child/young person painkilling medicine after circumcision, you will be given a tube of local anaesthetic jelly called instillagel to numb the area around the ring near the thread or the stitches. This may be used:

  1. If your child is in pain after circumcision. 

  2. If, before passing urine, your child/young person is frightened to do so.

  3. After passing urine.

You will be shown how to apply the jelly in the clinic by Dr. Khan before your child/young person leaves the clinic after circumcision at London Circumcision Clinic. It is very useful for the first 24-48 hours in babies or a few days in children. It can be applied every  4 hours up to a maximum of 5 times a day. It works within 5 - 10 minutes and lasts for up to 45-90 minutes.

If you think your child/young person is in pain after circumcision, please give the painkillers as directed. Please be reassured that you will not overdose him if you follow these instructions, nor will he become addicted to the medicines. It is best to give the painkillers regularly for the first 2 - 3 days after the circumcision and then as needed:

Paracetamol (Calpol, Disprol)
This can be given to your child/baby regularly 4 times a day for the first 2 days after going home, and thereafter as needed up to 4 times a day. Give amount as directed on the bottle or Dr Khan will calculate the dose for babies under 2 months old according to their weight. Paracetamol can be given under 2 months old child. 

Ibuprofen (Junior Nurofen) over 3 months child 
Give this to your child/young person after circumcision as needed up to 3 times a day. It is safe to give both Ibuprofen and Paracetamol together, or alternate Ibuprofen with regular doses of Paracetamol.

● If your child/young person is asthmatic, it may still be safe to give them Ibuprofen as they may have had it in hospital. If you are worried about this, please talk to the nursing staff or doctors before you leave. If your child’s/young person’s asthma gets worse at home, stop using Ibuprofen, but continue with the Paracetamol as prescribed. Rarely, Ibuprofen can cause indigestion; if this occurs, stop using it but continue with Paracetamol. Follow the instructions on the bottle for drug dosage. 

Please ask Dr. Khan if you have any question.

 The content on the Our website is not intended nor recommended as a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice from Dr. Khan regarding any medical questions or conditions developed after circumcision  

Please see uptodate about newborn circumcision information for parents. 

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